Cowpea is the most important pulse in tropical africa, and it is grown from along tbe southern fringes of the s3bara from the west coast to east africa and southwards. Cowpea is a warm weather and drought resistant crop. Impact of a cowpea research project in nigeria, using the rapid rural appraisal technique. Millions of african farmers grow cowpea, some two hundred million africans consume. A variety of birds, including wild turkey, eat the seeds and the plant can be used by quail as cover. Soil well drained soil with rich organic matter content and warm humid climate is best suited for the cultivation of vegetable cowpea. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed.
Postharvest storage of cowpea in subsaharan africa. Walp is one of the most ancient human food sourc es and has. Varieties co 2, vbn 2, pusa komal, pkm 1 and arka garima are commonly cultivated. Cowpea seeds were from the laboratory of plant nutrition of the faculty of agriculture of kyushu university. It has been widely reported to be drought tolerant. Cowpea originated in africa and is widely grown in africa, latin america, southeast asia and in the southern united states.
Sudan1 and it82erl6, both released in 2003 by the national cowpea improvement committee,5 and itk994946, an alectra vogelii resistant cowpea variety developed by the department. Cowpea is commonly cultivated as a nutritious and highly palatable food source in the southern. Production guidelines for cowpeas agricultural research council. Thickness of the cowpea seed coat has been reported to range from 5. The cowpea root system also has a beneficial effect on the structure and tilth of the topsoil layer. Optimization of the production of beans cowpea under the impact of technological factors reta draghici research development center for field crops on sandy soils, victoria street, 207220, dabuleni, dolj county, romania, phone. The set is designed to encourage group discusson as well as provide information on production techniques of malakwang. They also found that for every 100kg dry weight of weeds, cowpea yield was reduced by about 208 kg ha1.
Horticulture vegetable science achf, nau major guide. However, yields of cowpea remain low, mainly due to poor husbandry practices, diseases and. Hurdle technology was found to have the most promising outcome due to the higher retention of nutrient and sensory qualities of the vegetables. Scaling out cowpea production in northern ghana, community. The attributes of cowpea the trading of seeds and processed foods from cowpea provides both urban and rural opportunities for earning regular income.
Being indigenous to africa, a number of plant types that are cultivated in the major growing. Evaluation of introduced cowpea breeding lines in south africa by tsobedi absalom masenya minidissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in agriculture agronomy in the faculty of science and agriculture school of agricultural and environmental sciences at the university of limpopo. Early maturing cultivars have been developed with regionally acceptable. Legume seeds famously deliver the amino acids needed to grow or repair proteinbased tissues such as brain, nerve, and muscle, as well as to. Genetic relationship of cowpea vigna unguiculata varieties. In cowpea, the dry matter yield, averaged over the accessions was 18.
The grain provides valuable protein and the leaves are used as a nutritious vegetable. Scaling out cowpea production in northern ghana, community seed production scheme panafrican grain legume and world cowpea conference 28 february to 4 march 2016 livingstone, zambia j. Productivity and profitability analyses of cowpea production. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed markets. Evaluation of eight varieties of cowpea vigna unguiculata. Cowpea, vigna unguiculata, l walp, a multifunctional crop providing food for man and livestock and serving as a valuable dependable revenue generating commodity in many parts of the world, is. Cowpea leaf discs were punched from primary leaves obtained from 6day old seedlings and cocultivated with a. It can grow under rainfall ranging from 400 to 700 mm per annum. Agrobacteriummediated transformation the earliest report on agrobacteriummediated cowpea transformation was based on the tobacco leaf disc transformation method horsch et al. The present work provides information related to cowpea crops and mostly on cowpea post. The importance of cowpea as a crop that cannot be dispensed with in the agriculture of the subsistence farmers in south sudan and the characteristics of cowpea plant type of roots, leaves, stem. Cowpea is grown in more than twothirds of the developing world as a companion or relay crop with major cereals crop tarawali et al.
Research article nodulation, nitrogen fixation and growth of. In burkina faso, multilocation trials are being conducted in farako ba and kamboinse. A potential for fodder production, sustained growth and food security in the savannah regions of nigeria b. Cowpea is a higher droughttolerant crop than many other crops. Profitable chemicalfree cowpea storage technology for smallholder farmers in africa. Up to 90% of the cowpea grown in malawi is from local, farm.
Both the grain and the haulm are valuable dietary proteins for the african human. It is an important vegetable leaves and grain in the diets of smallholder households. Cowpea is called the hungryseason crop because it is the first harvested crop, before the cereal crops. Cowpea varieties, growth, yield parameters, asaba, nigeria. Special features of fodder cowpea co 9 high dry matter yield 3. Incorporating useful genes into cowpea germplasm using genetic engineering depends on the availability of a reproducible genetic. Longterm incorporation of annual legumes such as cowpea will increase the soil humus content, but at a slower rate than would grass cover crops. Cowpeas attraction for insects may be an advantage if the planting also attracts a sizable population of beneficial insects, but it is. The scientific name for cowpea is vigna unguiculata.
Characterization, evaluation and selection of cowpea. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Forage cowpea college of agricultural, consumer and. Cowpea is the main food legume, and the third most important food crop of the country. The cowpea vigna unguiculata is an annual herbaceous legume from the genus vigna. It may be erect, trailing, climbing or bushy, usually indeterminate under favourable conditions. It is importance ranges from its use and food, source of cash and animal feed. It is grown extensively in the low lands and midaltitude regions of africa particularly in the dry savanna sometimes as sole.
Evaluation and utilization of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. View cowpea production research papers on academia. Walp in asaba agroecological environment, delta state, nigeria 1agbogidi, o. High temperatures can cause flower and pod drop, resulting in low grain yield. Nodulation and yield response of cowpea vigna unguiculata. Cowpea production barza scripts barza scriptsbarza scripts. Increasing the production of cowpea could help to solve the food crises experienced in niger over the last 20 years. Considering all the protein sources that might possibly help africas malnourished millions, none seems more promising or more practical than grain legumes. Cowpea lobia both summer and rainy season crop grown for green pods, dry seeds and fodder seeds rich in protein 2328% called as vegetable meat when cultivated for dry seeds, it is called as black eye pea kaffir pea southern pea green pods are called catjang bean asparagus bean. Welldistributed rainfall is important for normal growth and development of cowpeas. Production costs for cowpea vary depending on the technology used in particular. International institute of tropical agriculture, benin. Abstract a study was conducted during the early planting season of 2011 at asaba, delta state, nigeria to evaluate eight varieties of cowpea it80d699, it82 e18. Alternative crops, cowpea, forage legumes, guar, united arab emirates.
Our sincere thanks go to the followlng scientists who have con. In south africa, with advanced food technology compared to. In 1996, the total world area was about 12 million ha, and africa alone accounted. Introduction cowpea is a dicotyledonous plant belonging to the family fabaceae and subfamily, fabiodeae. Although cowpea is a single crop species the varietal requirements in terms of plant type, seed colour or type, maturity and use pattern are extremely diverse from region to region, making breeding programmes for the crop more complex than for other crops singh et al. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed markets 7 functioning biosafety regime, multilocation trials were conducted in zaria, minijibir and bajura during 2014, to generate data in order to support an application for general release. African scientific institute, usa president, anglican university college of technology, accra, ghana. Objection to the application from lilongwe university of. This descriptor list for cowpea, vigna unguiculata l. Cowpea is an important source of protein in for smallscale farmers in malawi, as it can be grown in warmer, drier areas unsuitable for other leguminous crops and is typically the earliest available food during the hunger months. It is a subsistence crop, often intercropped with sorghum, maize and pearl millet.
Cowpea forage, cowpea fodder, cowpea hay, cowpea silage. Cowpea is eaten by deer as forage, and is commonly used in food plots for deer. The bulk of production occurs in the savannah regions of northern ghana, although cowpea can be grown in all ecological zones of ghana. Cowpea vigna unguiculata forage feedipedia agritrop cirad. Cowpea plays a major role in human nutrition not only because of its good protein quality with a high nutritional value but also because cowpea hay is critical for feeding animals during the dry season in many parts of west africa.
Cowpea is a hardy crop but it hosts many pests that attack vegetables, including leafminers, whiteflies, leafhoppers, mites, thrips, and aphids. Promising new technologies to improve cowpea production in. Some varieties of cowpea are used specifically for wildlife purposes ball et al. Cowpeas are also have a great tolerance to waterlogging. The frequency and unreliability of rainfall pose problems to. Introduction on the basis of area cultivated, cowpea is the most important food legume in ghana. Cowpea is prepared for consumption in grain, split and ground forms. Introduction cowpea is a food grain legume that plays a critical role in the lives of millions of people in africa and other parts of the developing world. Identify all cowpea stakeholders in africa and internationally and estimate the potential role they might play in increasing cowpea productivity. As a next step, cowpea breeders are working to integrate bt technology into farmerpreferred varieties, potentially making the bt cowpea available for widespread use within the next five years. An assignment on systematics of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. Germplasm for varietal improvement of resistance to cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch.
Eggs are laid in the soil, where the larvae and pupae develop. Evaluation of eight varieties of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. The relative yield total, expressed as land equivalent ratio of. The yields of the crop in ghana, however, are among the lowest in the world, averaging 310 kgha iita, 1993, cited by ofosubudu et al. In addition to grain, cowpea can produce good yields of fodder for ruminant. Cowpea is grown as a lowinput pulse by many smallholder farmers in zimbabwe. In ghana, cowpea is one of the widely cultivated legumes, mainly in the savanna and transitional zones cri, 2006. Cowpea lobia both summer and rainy season crop grown for green pods, dry seeds and fodder seeds rich in protein 2328% called as vegetable meat when cultivated for dry seeds, it is called as black eye pea kaffir pea southern pea green pods are called catjang bean asparagus bean yard long bean. Cowpea is a highly nutritious, multipurpose crop, used as a leafy vegetable and grain legume with potential to contribute to food security in marginal areas. It is well known that poor storage of cowpeas in northern nigerias kano, led to several losses of lives new technology training for cowpea storage in the state during the past months, while many other victims of the products consumption were hospitalised. The cowpea seed coat contains pectic substances with the following sugar compositions. Cowpea vigna unguiculata seed production module training set facilitators guide this guide will help you use the cowpea seed production module training set. Cowpea is an annual herb with varying growth forms.
Cowpea is known by different names across the country. The optimum temperature for growth and development is around 30 c. Materials and methods the study was conducted in kaduna state, nigeria. Cowpea is a legume that is extensively grown throughout subsaharan africa. Dec 04, 2012 introduction on the basis of area cultivated, cowpea is the most important food legume in ghana. Acquaint by aatf leadership with some of the experts in cowpea agriculture and economics in africa 3. This descriptor list has been prepared in an ibpgr standard format following advice on descriptors and descriptor states from the crop experts throughout the world. New insectresistant varieties of the cowpea are helping to reduce significant losses in yield due to better technology.
Nodulation and yield response of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. An improved transformation system for cowpea vigna unguiculata. The whole cowpea is also used to prepare gari and beans and wakye cooked rice and beans. Labe2 1department of crop production, federal university dutse, p. The first pair of leaves is basic and opposite while the rest are arranged in. Grain yield of cowpea was highest with the highest cowpea density in 20052006 but in 20042005 season, there was no cowpea density effect. Shown are the linkage of aflp, rapd, and other markers to s. It is designed to serve as a basic reference document for participants in ilas cowpea production training courses. Cowpea seed is a nutntlous component m the human diet, and cheap hvestock feed, as well cowpea grown to matunty can be used as a feed, fodder or its pods. Cowpea, popularly known as blackeye pea, is an important grain legume in south africa and many parts of subsaharan africa. The small group meeting report on cowpea production and. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed markets 3 1.
Malawis agricultural technology clearing committee approved three varieties of cowpea. Performance of three cowpea vigna unguiculata l walp. In niger, annual production of cowpea reaches about 300 000 tons and niger is the second most important producer country after nigeria. The cowpea leaves are usually picked when green and eaten as a vegetable. Cowpea is of major importance to the livelihood of millions of people in less developed countries of the tropics singh. Promising new technologies to improve cowpea production in west africa. Exact figures on area cultivated for cowpeas in africa are not available because of lack of reliable statistical enumeration. It is drought tolerant, can be grown on relatively poor soils, and fixes nitrogen, thereby improving soil fertility. Afghanistan water, agriculture and technology transfer. Cowpea flour is used to make home meals such as stews, soups, bean cake, and kose cowpea paste fritters. In the forest zone, cowpea may not be grown as the first crop on lands that have been in fallow for more than 10 years. Outscaling of quality seed of improved cowpea varieties cowpea vigna unguiculata l walp is an important food crop with good soil fertility enhancement ability in northern ghana, it is the second most important crop after groundnut.
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